1. Client Background and Transaction Objective
We advised the investor consortium of a low-carbon fertilizer project on the acquisition of an equity interest in the entity carrying out the project, in connection with the project's USD 665 million financing.
The project is the world's first large-scale industrial plant dedicated to the production of low-carbon fertilizers, with a projected annual capacity of 260,000 tons, positioning Paraguay as a global pioneer in the production of low-environmental-impact agricultural inputs.
Our work consisted of advising the investor consortium on all matters of Paraguayan law related to the project's financing, providing legal certainty to the institutional investors and development entities involved throughout the structuring, negotiation and closing stages of the transaction.
2. Our Role and Scope of Advice
Our advice included:
- Conducting comprehensive legal due diligence under Paraguayan law on the SPV and the assets related to the project, identifying legal risks relevant to the consortium's investment decision.
- Analysis of the corporate and transaction structuring for the acquisition of the equity interest by the consortium's investors, taking into account the particular requirements of each of the participating entities (investment funds, international development finance institutions and local banking).
- Review and negotiation of the transaction documents, including the subscription and investment agreements, the SPV's corporate documents and other instruments related to the acquisition of the equity interest.
- Regulatory analysis applicable to the project and to the acquisition transaction under the Paraguayan legal framework, including corporate, foreign exchange, environmental and sector-specific aspects relevant to the project's industrial activity.
- Advice on local aspects related to the project's USD 665 million financing, providing support in coordinating with the financial and legal advisors of the other jurisdictions involved.
- Comprehensive support during the closing of the transaction, including coordination of conditions precedent, review of closing documentation and follow-up on formal requirements under Paraguayan law.
- Advice on the negotiation of the project's Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), analyzing its regulatory and commercial implications under the Paraguayan energy framework.
- Design of, and advice on, the project's management incentive scheme (Management Incentive Plan), aligning the interests of the management team with the objectives of the consortium's institutional investors.
3. Main Legal Challenges
The transaction presented significant legal complexity on several fronts:
Multijurisdictional investor consortium. The investment structure brought together a hydrogen infrastructure fund, a Danish impact fund, two international development finance institutions and a local bank, each with its own regulatory, fiduciary and governance requirements, which required a corporate structure capable of accommodating diverse interests and standards.
Scale and complexity of the financing. The project's USD 665 million financing required coordinating Paraguayan law aspects with the international financing structures typically used in large-scale project finance transactions, including the interaction between the acquisition of the equity interest and the project's financing conditions.
Pioneering nature of the project. As the world's first large-scale industrial plant dedicated to the production of low-carbon fertilizers, the project had no directly comparable regulatory or transactional precedents in Paraguay, requiring careful legal analysis on corporate, environmental and sector-specific matters.
PPA negotiation. Negotiation of the project's Power Purchase Agreement raised specific issues related to the energy supply required for the plant's operation, requiring a coordinated analysis between the commercial aspects of the contract and the applicable energy regulatory framework.
Alignment of management incentives. Designing the incentive scheme for the management team required reconciling local management's retention and performance objectives with the corporate governance standards demanded by the institutional investors and development entities participating in the consortium.









